O tema deste artigo são as relações entre mídia e cultura, através do conflito simbólico que se instala a partir de um blow up: a torcedora Patrícia Moreira, em 2014, no jogo entre Grêmio e Santos, gritando a palavra 'ma-ca-co'. Esse tema é construído enquanto circulação midiática. Esse objeto, amplo e diversificado, é aqui abordado em torno de uma questão específica: a incerteza nos processos midiáticos. A metodologia é de análise das interações entre atores, instituições midiáticas e midiatizadas, configurando um (...) ambiente-circuito imprevisível. A proposição é que os dilemas e impasses sócio-antropológicos não são apenas atualizados nos processos midiáticos, mas são também transformados pelo contato entre territórios antes estabilizados. A instabilidade nas interações é sugerida como núcleo ativador do processo circulatório. (shrink)

Neste artigo apresento como objetivo a divulgação de um conjunto de debates que se cruzam nos feminismos, evidenciando, neste caso, a multiplicidade de formas de entender o feminismo e o ser feminista. Parto da ideia de um mundo em transformação pautado em um contexto de rupturas de pensamentos e modelos universais. Sendo assim, quatro críticas ao movimento feminista são apresentadas em diálogo com uma autocrítica que transforma o feminismo universal em feminismos múltiplos, com características mais humanas, de equidade e de (...) inclusão. Por fim, o texto leva a crer na importância do reconhecimento do lugar de fala para todas as pessoas, diferenciando-se em lugares de falas de privilégios ou lugares de falas marginalizados, sendo que tais lugares são flexíveis a partir da espacialidade e das identidades. (shrink)

Este artículo examina en clave de resiliencia la historia del protagonista de la obra mencionada de C.S. Lewis. Sus experiencias de vida muestran las muchas maneras en las que una persona puede experimentar un cambio radical y tener una actitud resiliente. Los objetivos de nuestro análisis literario son varios. Definir y actualizar el concepto de resiliencia, poner de relieve el funcionamiento de la teoría aristotélica de la mímesis y la metanoia, y analizar el proceso resiliente del protagonista literario. Con todo, (...) se llega a la conclusión de que la novela constituye un paradigmático ejemplo de historia y personaje resilientes. (shrink)

Soberanía y obediencia fueron dos nociones clave en las discusiones que se dieron en los albores de la modernidad. Parte de los debates se centró en la cuestión de la legitimidad del poder político y, en consecuencia, en por qué debemos obedecer, qué beneficios trae la obediencia y cuáles son sus límites. En todos estos casos, la noción de violencia aparece con diferentes rostros, y principalmente con la fisonomía de la guerra —punto de máxima expresión de la violencia explícita—, problema (...) que la autoridad política viene, de alguna manera, a resolver. El Estado soberano, sin embargo, lejos está de ser la representación del irenismo, se convierte en monopolio legítimo de la violencia. Este trabajo pretende abordar tales cuestiones desde las teorías de Hobbes y Harrington. Ambos justificaron la obligación de los súbditos a acatar la ley que se impone y que garantiza, por sobre todas las cosas, su vida. (shrink)

As 382 cartas encontradas em Tell El-Amarna trazem não somente informações sobre a política administrativa do Egito durante a Era do Bronze Tardio, mas também sobre as transações internacionais que envolviam vidas humanas. O objetivo deste ensaio é mostrar, através das entrelinhas das cartas de El-Amarna, como funcionava o tráfico de mulheres de Canaã para o Egito nesse período. Temos duas situações: uma é o tráfico de mulheres entre o Egito e os grandes reinos, como Assíria, Babilônia e Mittani, e (...) o outro é o tráfico de mulheres das cidades-Estado de Canaã para o Egito. No primeiro caso, o tráfico se dava através de alianças entre os reis e que envolviam o casamento com as filhas da realeza, as quais eram enviadas para o harém deste ou daquele rei. No segundo caso, temos novamente duas situações. A primeira é o envio de mulheres das cidades-Estado para o Egito. Ou seja, o envio de mulheres ao Egito, para fins diversos, era umas das obrigações dos reis vassalos cananeus. A segunda situação é a compra de mulheres como mão de obra especializada. Neste caso, as mulheres eram treinadas e preparadas para o serviço na corte e depois vendidas. (shrink)

En el curso dictado en Collège de France sobre la institución y la pasividad, Merleau-Ponty le otorgó una importancia particular a las problemáticas freudianas. La sexualidad y muy especialmente el Complejo de Edipo, es presentado como ejemplo de la institución humana en un doble sentido: en cuanto clase de institución que se diferencia de la institución vital y como una institución antropomórfica. Sus momentos –sexualidad prepuberal, periodo de latencia, pubertad– ejemplifican la estructura de toda institución: la anticipación, el desvío y (...) la reanudación y ponen de manifiesto su temporalidad propia. En vistas a la importancia del Complejo de Edipo en la arquitectura general del curso, el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo reponer la interpretación realizada por Merleau-Ponty a los efectos de comprender la especificidad de la institución humana. De este modo, se pretende realizar una aproximación al vínculo entre temporalidad e institución tal como Merleau-Ponty lo considera en el curso en cuestión.In the course dictated in Collège de France on the institution and the passiveness, Merleau-Ponty granted a particular importance to the Freudian problematics. The sexuality and very specially the Complex of Oedipus, is presented as example of the human institution in a double meaning: regarding a type of institution that differs from the vital institution and as an anthropomorphic institution. Its moments – prepuberal sexuality, period of latency, puberty –exemplify the structure of any institution: the anticipation, the detour and the resumption and they reveal his own temporality. In conference to the importance of the Complex of Oedipus in the general architecture of the course, the present work has for aim re-put the interpretation realized by Merleau-Ponty to the effects of understanding the specificity of the human institution. Thus, one tries to realize an approximation to the link between temporality and institution as Merleau-Ponty considers it in the course in question. (shrink)

Queen pheromones, which signal the presence of a fertile queen and induce daughter workers to remain sterile, are considered to play a key role in regulating the reproductive division of labor of insect societies. Although queen pheromones were long thought to be highly taxon‐specific, recent studies have shown that structurally related long‐chain hydrocarbons act as conserved queen signals across several independently evolved lineages of social insects. These results imply that social insect queen pheromones are very ancient and likely derived from (...) an ancestral signalling system that was already present in their common solitary ancestors. Based on these new insights, we here review the literature and speculate on what signal precursors social insect queen pheromones may have evolved from. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that these pheromones should best be seen as honest signals of fertility as opposed to suppressive agents that chemically sterilize the workers against their own best interests. (shrink)

Corporations perform actions that can inflict harm with different levels of intensity, from death to material loss, to both companies’ internal and external stakeholders. Research has analysed corporate harm using the notions of corporate social irresponsibility and corporate crime. Critical management studies have been subjecting management and organizational practices and knowledge to critical analysis, and corporate harm has been one of the main concerns of CMS. However, CMS has rarely been deployed to analyse CSIR and corporate crime. Thus, the aim (...) of this paper is to critically analyse the perspectives of CSIR and corporate crimes on corporate harm via CMS in general and postcolonial studies in particular. The paper contributes by arguing that research on CSIR and corporate crime could be perceived as producing research that does not challenge the essence of contemporary corporation profit-seeking activities that ultimately produces corporate harm. We argue that CSIR and corporate crime are ideologies that assist in disguising the contradiction between producing shareholder value and the social good that is at the heart of the modern corporation system and the current economic system. Furthermore, the postcolonial view of CSIR and corporate crime highlights how they are based on a Western-centric view of corporate harm that ignores the realities and perspectives of the Global South, especially in situations where corporate harm leads to death in the Global South. (shrink)

A noção de intensidade é de extrema importância para o pensamento deleuziano, fazendo-se presente não apenas na elaboração de sua própria filosofia da diferença, como também nas leituras que faz dos outros filósofos que lhe são caros, especialmente na sua reconstrução do espinosismo. Deleuze concebe a essência singular espinosana em termos intensivos. Sendo assim, este artigo procura reunir elementos para mostrar a importância da noção de intensidade no projeto deleuziano de unificação dos dois sentidos de estética e o papel do (...) uso de concepções de extração espinosista na empresa deleuziana. Estes apontamentos deixam implícito um outro tema: o da possibilidade de elaborar uma Estética a partir de Espinosa, vale dizer, uma Estética atenta a sua ancoragem corporal. (shrink)

O texto aproxima certas concepções de Deleuze e Guatarri relativas ao que poderíamos aqui chamar provisoriamente de uma “teoria do desejo”, tal como esboçada no Anti-Édipo, da teoria dos afetos formulada na Ética de Espinosa, mostrando assim mais uma etapa da crítica da tradição psicanalítica na obra conjunta dos filósofos franceses.

O texto investiga a dança como modalidade de produção de subjetividades privilegiada para dar a ver a potência do corpo. Procura equacionar o problema da sobrevivência de um vocabulário mental para tratar daquilo que exprime com a máxima intensidade aquilo de que os corpos são capazes, a saber, os corpos dançantes. Esta pesquisa segue uma trilha espinosista, para encontrar um vocabulário inteiramente corporal para descrever a potência dos corpos na dança em termos inteiramente corporais.

En el canto V del infierno de la Divina Comedia, el autor presenta diferentes ejemplos de condenados por la lujuria. En este trabajo se propone la clasificación de dichos personajes en dos categorías, por un lado, aquellos que someten la razón a la pasión erótica y, por el otro, aquellos que la someten a la pasión afectiva. Así mismo, se cuestionan los motivos por los cuales el autor florentino considera estas aproximaciones como transgresiones graves contra «el orden del amor». A (...) continuación, se lleva a cabo un análisis comparativo de estos dos tipos de amor presentes en dos obras que establecen una clara relación de intertextualidad con la Divina Comedia, a saber, la No-Divina Comedia de Zygmunt Krasinski y Don Juan en el infierno de Carlos Fisas. Se demuestra de este modo la amplitud de la influencia de este autor en diferentes épocas y espacios culturales, así como, su asombrosa universalidad. (shrink)

“¿Cómo habría vivido el género humano si Adán no hubiera pecado?”. Este es el tema desarrollado por Francisco Suárez en el quinto libro del Tractatus de opere sex dierum. Según el pensamiento del Doctor Eximius, la pregunta encierra en sí misma la solución, o sea, que el arquetipo Adán y el hombre inmerso en el tiempo no difieren entre ellos y que, como directa consecuencia, para ambos, agregarse a otros semejantes, permite que cada individuo alcance una finalidad y una mayor (...) perfección. El hombre arquetipal no es único sino múltiple y, en su multiplicidad, se diferencia, lo mismo que ocurre con el hombre pre-caída. Francisco Suárez, por eso, analiza tanto el antecedente teológico, según el acto creacional divino, como el fundamento político de la comunidad humana, consecuencia necesaria para el hombre formado de tal manera. (shrink)

This article will address the right to intercultural health, based on conceptualizing access to health and the respectful interaction between various cultures in the different areas that constitute a complex society. The objective is focused on defining the concept of interculturality and intercultural dialogue from an epistemic justice approach. The situated analysis of intercultural health care is expected to promote public policies, aimed at building an intercultural perspective, which fosters a horizontal dialogue and a respected interaction in all areas of (...) society. (shrink)

Despite the emergence of computer games as a dominant cultural industry, we know little or nothing about the ethics of computer games. Considerations of the morality of computer games seldom go beyond intermittent portrayals of them in the mass media as training devices for teenage serial killers. In this first scholarly exploration of the subject, Miguel Sicart addresses broader issues about the ethics of games, the ethics of playing the games, and the ethical responsibilities of game designers. He argues (...) that computer games are ethical objects, that computer game players are ethical agents, and that the ethics of computer games should be seen as a complex network of responsibilities and moral duties. Players should not be considered passive amoral creatures; they reflect, relate, and create with ethical minds. The games they play are ethical systems, with rules that create gameworlds with values at play. Drawing on concepts from philosophy and game studies, Sicart proposes a framework for analyzing the ethics of computer games as both designed objects and player experiences. After presenting his core theoretical arguments and offering a general theory for understanding computer game ethics, Sicart offers case studies examining single-player games, multiplayer games, and online gameworlds from an ethical perspective. He explores issues raised by unethical content in computer games and its possible effect on players and offers a synthesis of design theory and ethics that could be used as both analytical tool and inspiration in the creation of ethical gameplay. (shrink)

Within cognitive and developmental psychology, it is commonly argued that perception is the basis for object concepts. According to this view, sensory experiences would translate into concepts thanks to the recognition, correlation and integration of physical attributes. Once attributes are integrated into general patterns, subjects would become able to parse objects into categories. In this article, we critically review the three epistemological perspectives according to which it can be claimed that object concepts depend on perception: state non-conceptualism, content non-conceptualism, and (...) content conceptualism. We show that the three perspectives have problems that make perception inadequate as a conceptual basis. We suggest that the inquiry about the origin and development of object concepts can benefit from a pragmatic perspective that considers objects’ cultural functions as a conceptual foundation. We address this possibility from the theoretical framework of the pragmatics of the object, considering the importance of objects’ functional permanence. (shrink)

Why computer games can be ethical, how players use their ethical values in gameplay, and the implications for game design.

Within cognitive and developmental psychology, it is commonly argued that perception is the basis for object concepts. According to this view, sensory experiences would translate into concepts thanks to the recognition, correlation and integration of physical attributes. Once attributes are integrated into general patterns, subjects would become able to parse objects into categories. In this article, we critically review the three epistemological perspectives according to which it can be claimed that object concepts depend on perception:state non-conceptualism, content non-conceptualism, andcontent conceptualism. (...) We show that the three perspectives have problems that make perception inadequate as a conceptual basis. We suggest that the inquiry about the origin and development of object concepts can benefit from a pragmatic perspective that considers objects’cultural functionsas a conceptual foundation. We address this possibility from the theoretical framework of thepragmatics of the object, considering the importance of objects’functional permanence. (shrink)

Digital COVID certificates are a novel public health policy to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. These immunity certificates aim to incentivize vaccination and to deny international travel or access to essential spaces to those who are unable to prove that they are not infectious. In this article, we start by describing immunity certificates and highlighting their differences from vaccination certificates. Then, we focus on the ethical, legal, and social issues involved in their use, namely autonomy and consent, data protection, equity, and (...) international mobility from a global fairness perspective. The main conclusion of our analysis is that digital COVID certificates are only acceptable if they meet certain conditions: that they should not process personal data beyond what is strictly necessary for the aimed goals, that equal access to them should be guaranteed, and that they should not restrict people’s autonomy to access places where contagion is unlikely. We conclude that, if such conditions are guaranteed, digital COVID certificates could contribute to mitigating some of the most severe socioeconomic consequences of the pandemic. (shrink)

This paper aims to analyse how the discourse of CEO letters and other factors influence community involvement and Social Licence to Operate (SLO) in the mining industry. The analysis is based on qualitative information disclosed in sustainability reports and CEO letters from 32 mining firms. Content analysis was undertaken to obtain data for the study, and then a regression analysis and a multiple correspondence analysis were used to test the hypotheses defined in the study. The results indicate that the CEO (...) discourse influences how a firm expresses the importance of gaining its SLO, the philanthropic activities in which companies become involved and the destinations of the investments in the communities in which they operate. The results also show changes in the discourse between 2011 and 2015, which are, in part, explained by the difficult situation experienced by the sector during this period. The paper contributes to the Corporate Social Responsibility literature by integrating different theories from this field into the SLO framework. The analysis carried out and the results obtained are useful for both CEOs and Sustainability Managers, especially in managing their relationships with the communities where they operate or intend to operate. (shrink)

Phenomenology in medicine’s main contribution is to present a first-person narrative of illness, in an effort to aid medicine in reaching an accurate disease diagnosis and establishing a personal relationship with patients whose lived experience changes dramatically when severe disease and disabling condition is confirmed. Once disease is diagnosed, the lived experience of illness is reconstructed into a living-with-disease narrative that medicine’s biological approach has widely neglected. Key concepts like health, sickness, illness, disease and the clinical encounter are being diversely (...) and ambiguously used, leading to distortions in socio-medical practices such as medicalization, pharmaceuticalization, emphasis on surveillance medicine. Current definitions of these concepts as employed in phenomenology of medicine are revised, concluding that more stringent semantics ought to reinforce an empirical phenomenological or postphenomenological approach. (shrink)

Using evidence from experimental psychology, some social psychologists, moral philosophers and organizational scholars claim that character traits do not exist and, hence, that the philosophical tradition of virtue ethics is empirically inadequate and should dispose of the notion of character to accommodate the empirical evidence. In this paper, I systematically address the debate between dispositionalists and situationists about the existence, status and properties of character traits and their manifestations in human behavior, with the ultimate goal of responding to the question (...) whether virtue ethicists need to abandon the very enterprise of building a character-based moral theory in business ethics and organizational behavior. In the course of this paper, I shall defend the claim that the situationist argument relies on a misinterpretation of the experimental evidence. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:To have a virtue is to possess a certain kind of trait of character that is appropriate in pursuing the moral good at which the virtue aims. Human beings are assumed to be capable of attaining those traits. Yet, a number of scholars are skeptical about the very existence of such character traits. They claim a sizable amount of empirical evidence in their support. This article is concerned with the existence and explanatory power of character as a way to assess (...) the possibility of achieving moral virtue, with particular attention paid to business context. I aim to unsettle the so-called situationist challenge to virtue ethics. In the course of this article, I shall defend four claims, namely, that virtues are more than just behavioral dispositions, that at least some virtues may not be unitary traits, that psychologists cannot infer virtues from overt behavior, and that the situationist data do not account for the observational equivalence of traits. Since it rests on a misconception of what virtue is, the situationist objection remains unconvincing. (shrink)

Este artículo propone un análisis en clave geosituada de la atención sanitaria de las mujeres de comunidades indígenas mapuce en Argentina, desde el marco de la justicia epistémica y participativa. En un primer momento, se caracterizan las concepciones que estas comunidades tienen respecto a la salud-enfermedad y sus modos de vivir el momento de parto. En un segundo momento, se pone en evidencia la violencia específica a la que son sometidas las mujeres mapuce en la atención de partos por parte (...) del modelo médico hegemónico cuando no contemplan sus saberes ancestrales y sus modos de parir. Finalmente, se ofrecen reflexiones respecto a la necesidad de repensar el sistema público sanitario con el claro objetivo de promover un enfoque de derechos humanos, centrado en una atención sanitaria intercultural e interepistémica. En la conclusión se consideró de suma relevancia partir de la narración de las luchas y resistencias desde la propia voz de estas mujeres, para atender a un acercamiento más situado respecto a los relatos de las experiencias vivenciales que las mujeres mapuce describieron sobre las características de la atención sanitaria que reciben. En este aspecto, se pudieron constatar diversas situaciones de violencia obstétrica y cultural desde el propio accionar del sistema sanitario hegemónico. En efecto, se sostiene que es imperativo construir puentes que amplíen las horizontalidades epistémicas y la democratización de la democracia. (shrink)

ABSTRACT:The language of virtue is gaining wider appreciation in the philosophical, psychological, and management literatures. Ethicists and social scientists aim to integrate normative and empirical approaches into a new “science of virtue.” But, I submit, they are talking past each other; they hold radically different notions of what a virtue is. In this paper, I shall examine two conflicting conceptions of virtue, what I call the reductive and the non-reductive accounts of virtue. I shall critically study them and argue that (...) the non-reductive view is the best philosophical account of virtue and the only one that can account for the way we talk about virtue in business and in everyday life. We can only understand what it means to act virtuously through the examination of the attitudes, beliefs, desires, and inclinations of the virtuous agent. I shall illustrate the differences between the reductive and non-reductive accounts by considering the virtue of gratitude. (shrink)

En Los Cuatro Acuerdos, un éxito de ventas en todo el mundo, don Miguel Ruiz revelaba cómo el proceso de educación, o «domesticación», nos hace olvidar nuestra sabiduría innata. A lo largo de la vida establecemos muchos acuerdos que van en nuestra contra y nos causan un sufrimiento innecesario. Los Cuatro Acuerdos nos ayudan a romper estos acuerdos limitadores y a substituirlos por otros que nos aportan libertad, felicidad y amor. Ahora don Miguel Ruiz, junto con su hijo (...) don Jose Ruiz, nos ofrece una nueva perspectiva de Los Cuatro Acuerdos y un acuerdo nuevo y poderoso para transformar nuestra vida en nuestro cielo personal: el quinto acuerdo. El Quinto Acuerdo nos permite adquirir una conciencia más profunda del poder del yo verdadero y recuperar la autenticidad con la que nacimos. En esta absorbente continuación del libro que ha cambiado la vida de millones de personas de todo el mundo, se nos recuerda el mejor regalo que podemos hacernos: la libertad de ser quienes realmente somos. Más sobre el libro Imagínate llevando una vida totalmente nueva: una vida en la que eres libre de ser quien realmente eres. Ya no te riges por lo que los demás piensan de ti. Imagínate viviendo sin juzgarte a ti mismo ni juzgar a los demás, sin temer ser juzgado. Te aceptas tal como eres y aceptas a los demás tal como son. Imagínate viviendo sin estar en conflicto contigo ni con la gente. Te respetas a ti mismo y a los demás, y a cambio ellos te respetan a ti. Imagínate viviendo sin miedo a expresarte ni a explorar la vida. Vives sin temor, sin culparte, sin avergonzarte, sin arrepentirte. Imagínate que te encanta ser como eres. Te gusta tu cuerpo tal como es, te gustan tus emociones tal como son. Imagínate siendo tú mismo. Eres feliz y disfrutas verdaderamente de tu vida. ¡Imagínate viviendo con esta clase de libertad personal! Esta manera de vivir es completamente posible. Otros lo han conseguido y tú también lo harás. Sólo necesitas hacer de los Cinco Acuerdos tu estilo de vida y pronto vivirás tu sueño personal del cielo. (shrink)

Preciado caracteriza o regime da diferença sexual como um conjunto de tecnologias sociais que esconde sob o nome de Natureza aquilo que se configura como efeito da ordem política e econômica denominada “patriarcado hetero-colonial”. Deleuze e Guattari, em O Anti-Édipo, constroem uma concepção de sexualidade inseparável das determinações do campo social. Porém, veremos como é pelo conceito de sexualidade maquínica que os autores se furtam a reduzir a sexualidade a um simples efeito do campo social, pois também buscam uma dimensão (...) criativa capaz de romper com essas determinações. A intenção deste artigo é, apesar da aparente divergência entre contrassexualidade e sexualidade maquínica, explorar afinidades conceituais entre ambas no que diz respeito à crítica à diferença sexual e ao esforço de experimentação de novas “plataformas sexuais”. (shrink)